The Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) bill signed into law by President Obama on June 29, 2015, is expected to lead to a quick resolution of negotiations for both the controversial Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), and the less controversial Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The TPP is a trade agreement among 12 Pacific Rim countries, including the United States, whereas TTIP is a U.S. trade agreement with all 28 European Union countries.